Summer/Fall Series: 50 States - Massachusetts

MASSACHUSETTS

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The state of Massachusetts (MA) began after the Pilgrims, or Separatists, landed in Plymouth in 1620.  They were persecuted for their faith in England and did not enjoy religious freedom in Holland, so they set sail for Virginia, but they were blown off course during their journey across the Atlantic.  Because the charter they had received from King James was to establish a colony in Virginia and they had landed north of this colony, they wrote an agreement that established a government in which the people would have a say in how things were done—the Mayflower Compact. That first winter was a difficult one, and many of the settlers died.  The following year, an Indian man named Squanto taught the Pilgrims how to plant.  A year after first settling, they celebrated the first Thanksgiving with the tribes living in the area.

Massachusetts' history is teeming with some of the most significant events in the early history of our nation.  A few years after the Pilgrims were established in Massachusetts, the Puritans came.  These were people who wanted to purify the Church of England but had been persecuted.  They were given a land grant from the king, so they settled in an area of Massachusetts they called Salem.

With an increasing population, more opportunities and institutions became available.  The city of Boston was founded in 1630; it is the largest city in Massachusetts and also the capital.  Boston Common became the first public park in 1634.  Named in honor of John Harvard, the nation's first college, Harvard, was founded in 1636.  The first post office opened in Boston in 1693, as well as the first free public school.  From February 1692 through May 1693, the Salem Witch Trials took place.  The first lighthouse was built in 1716 in Boston Harbor.

From the early days of the colony through the late 1700s, it was controlled by England.  As the colonists began to realize increased taxes and lack of representation in English government, they grew dissatisfied.  A series of events led to the American Revolution including the Boston Massacre in 1770 and the Boston Tea Party in 1773 when the colonists threw tea into Boston Harbor in protest of the tea tax.  The first shot of the Revolutionary War was fired in 1775 in Lexington and Concord.  The war would last 6-1/2 years but end with freedom.  The colonies at that point were free to govern themselves.  The U.S. Constitution was written and signed in 1787.  Massachusetts ratified on February 6, 1788, and became the sixth state.

More than 200 famous historical figures were born in Massachusetts, even from its earliest days.  Since the list is quite extensive, I have chosen to mention those who may be most familiar or who have prominent roles to play in history.  I will provide explanation for some as I feel it is needed.  If they are unfamiliar, I encourage you to research them.

• Abigail Adams
• John Adams
• John Quincy Adams
• Samuel Adams
• Susan B. Anthony -suffragist/abolitionist
• George H.W. Bush
• John Chapman -aka Johnny Appleseed
• Crispus Attucks -runaway slave killed in Boston Massacre
• Roger Baldwin -co-founder of ACLU
• Clara Barton
• Katharine Lee Bates -wrote "America the Beautiful" poem
• Leonard Bernstein -composed score for West Side Story
• Susan Butcher -four-time winner of Iditarod
• Connie Mack -helped establish American League in baseball
• Jeff Corwin
• E. E. Cummings - 20th century poet and novelist
• Matt Damon
• Bette Davis
• Cecil B. DeMille -director/producer
• Emily Dickinson
• WEB DuBois - co-founded the NAACP
• William C. Durant - founded General Motors
• Ralph Waldo Emerson
• Benjamin Franklin
• Richard Buckminster Fuller - architect who made geodesic domes popular
• William Lloyd Garrison - abolitionist
• Robert Goddard
• Hetty Green - one of the first women to prosper through the stock market
• G. Stanley Hall - established idea of child psychology
• John Hancock
• Nathaniel Hawthorne
• Winslow Homer
• Joseph Hooker - Union general in the Civil War
• Elias Howe - invented the sewing machine
• Howard Johnson
• Kennedy family - many members including President John F. Kennedy
• Jack Kerouac - writer
• Emeril Lagasse
• Lewis Harold Latimer - helped patent light bulb and telephone
• Mary Lyon - founded Mount Holyoke College - first women's college
• Rocky Marciano - boxer
• Cotton Mather - Puritan minister who consulted during Salem Witch Trials
• Christa McAuliffe - teacher who died in Challenger explosion in 1986
• Edgar Allan Poe
• Paul Revere
• Theodor Seuss Geisel - Dr. Seuss
• Roger Sherman - signed and drafted Declaration of Independence and signed U.S. Constitution
• Squanto
• Anne Sullivan - taught Helen Keller
• Henry David Thoreau
• Eli Whitney - inventor of the cotton gin and idea of 'interchangeable parts'

As you can see, Massachusetts' roll call reads like a Who's Who of American history.  One idea for an activity for your child is to choose one person and research their life and their significance to our history.

In addition to many famous people and historical events, Massachusetts has an extensive list of state symbols:

Bird - Black-capped chickadee

Game Bird - Wild Turkey

Dog - Boston terrier

Horse - Morgan Horse

Cat - Tabby cat

Fish - Cod

Insect - Ladybug

Marine mammal - Right whale

Flower - Mayflower (ground laurel)

Tree - American elm

Bean - Navy bean

Historical Rock - Plymouth Rock

State Folk Hero - Johnny Appleseed

Beverage - Cranberry juice

Muffin - Corn muffin

Dessert - Boston cream pie

Cookie - Chocolate chip cookie

Massachusetts' name has its origin in an Algonquian word meaning "a big hill place."  There was also a Massachusetts tribe living in the region when the Pilgrims arrived.  The state nickname is the Bay State, and the motto is "Ense petit placidam sub libertate quietem," which means "By the sword we seek peace but peace only under liberty."  The motto is written on the state flag and is also depicted by an arm wielding a sword.  The current flag was adopted in 1971.  It is white and shows a native American standing with a bow and arrow on a blue shield.  There is a white star which represents Massachusetts being one of the 13 original colonies.  The old flag had a design on each side.  The new one has a design on just one side.

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Many well-known companies are headquartered in Massachusetts, including Au Bon Pain, BJs Wholesale Club, Boston Beer Co., Dunkin Brands, Inc. (think Dunkin Donuts), Bose Corporation, Baskin-Robbins, Gillette, KB Toys, Liberty Mutual, Ocean Spray, Polaroid, Staples, Talbots, Welch's, Yankee Candle Co., Raytheon, Uno Chicago Grill, and Smith and Wesson.  Are you familiar with Necco wafers?  Necco is located in MA.  The name is actually an abbreviation for New England Confectionery Co.  There are also five separate makers of shoes in the state: New Balance, Stride Rite, Reebok, Rockport, and Saucony.

More interesting facts are that Boston is called "The Hub" and "Beantown" and had the first subway system in 1897.  The game of volleyball was created by William G. Morgan in Holyoke in 1895.  The fig newton cookie is named after Newton, MA.  The city of Lowell is where the American Industrial Revolution began.  It was the first planned industrial city, manufacturing cloth/textiles.  Cape Cod National Seashore represents the first time the government bought land to create a park.  The town of Quincy is home to the first Dunkin Donuts and the first Howard Johnson.  The first zip code was issued for Agawan: 01001.  Elias Howe invented the sewing machine in 1845.

Sitting in the Charlestown Navy Yard is a 44-gun frigate which was originally constructed in the 1790s—the USS Constitution—in answer to the need for a Navy.  It was constructed with exterior and interior layers made from oak planks that were seven inches thick with diagonal cross-bracing in the middle layer to add strength to the ship.  In battle, cannonballs were seen to bounce off the hull, and it was given the name "Old Ironsides" because of its impenetrability.  The frigate has been restored, but it is as originally designed by Joshua Humphreys.

The USS Constitution is one of the many things that can be seen on a visit to Massachusetts.  Other sites and activities of interest are Boston Harbor where the Tea Party took place, Faneuil Hall, the Freedom Trail, Plymouth Rock, Old Sturbridge Village, Plimoth Plantation, Norman Rockwell Museum, Paul Revere House, Battleship Cove, Salem Witch Museum, The House of the Seven Gables, whale watching, New Bedford Whaling Museum, Adams National Historic Park, Old South Meeting House, Martha's Vineyard, and Nantucket.  These are just a sampling of the hundreds of activities available to Massachusetts' visitors.

Spend some time playing Massachusetts learning games, and test your knowledge.

I will provide below an extensive list of books that discuss topics relevant to Massachusetts.

I am an affiliate with Christianbook.com.  If you purchase any of these items through my site, I will receive a commission.

The Marvelous Massachusetts Coloring Book By Carole Marsh / Gallopade International Kids can color and learn new facts! Lots of fun and educational, too! All ages can enjoy this book. Includes: State Symbols Historical Places Scenic Places Massachusetts Characters Softcover, 32 pages. Gallopade International.

Little Maid of Massachusetts Colony By Alice Turner Curtis / Applewood Books Tell your girls to don their bonnets for a visit with Anne Nelson in old New England! They'll learn what life was like during Revolutionary times as they join in Anne's adventures: a journey with Native Americans, capturing an English privateer, and more! Includes a Little Maid paper doll and dress. Originally published in 1914 for girls aged 7 to 12. 190 pages, softcover from Applewood.

Everyday Life in the Massachusetts Bay Colony By George Francis Dow / Dover Publications Every Day Life in the Massachusetts Bay Colony is one of the most detailed works upon the daily lives of the early colonists. Scores of illustrations and photographs highlight portions of the text, bringing a clearer portrait of what actual items and houses looked like. Drawing on extensive research, the colonists' dwellings, furnishings, wardrobes, games, medical practices, economics, crimes, and more are all expounded upon with accurate descriptions. 293 indexed pages, softcover.

13 Colonies: Massachusetts By Roberta Wiener & James Arnold / Heinemann Raintree

Heroes of History: John Adams, Independence Forever By Janet & Geoff Benge / Emerald Books The Heroes of History series chronicles the true stories of fascinating men and women who changed the course of history. Growing up in Massachusetts, longing to be a farmer like his father, John Adams never imagined the vital role he would one day play in the transformation of the colonies into an independent American nation. As the injustices of British rule stirred up the colonists to revolution and independence, this rising young lawyer became an influential member of the Continental Congress and a passionate advocate for freedom. For ages 10 and up.

John Adams (Movie Tie In) By David McCullough / Simon & Schuster This Pulitzer Prize-winning biography of John Adams looks at the birth of a young republic and explores the extraordinary factors that transformed 13 colonies into a united nation. Chronicling the life of America's second president, his youth, career as a Massachusetts farmer and lawyer, his marriage to Abigail, his rivalry with Thomas Jefferson, and his influence on the birth of the United States are explored in exquisite prose. Reissue with movie-tie-in cover. 751 pages, softcover.

Paul Revere By George Sullivan / Scholastic Trade "In Their Own Words: Paul Revere" tells the exciting story of Paul Revere's life using his own writing and art. On April 16, 1776, Paul Revere made his famous midnight ride from Boston to Lexington, Massachusetts. He rode to tell people in the countryside that the British troops would soon arrive. Although Paul was stopped by British soldiers, his actions on that night have made him an American legend. Yet Paul accomplished much more than that. Did you know that Paul Revere was at the Boston Tea Party? belonged to the Sons of Liberty? was an expert silversmith? had sixteen children? opened a gun powder factory? designed and made money? Hear Paul's story as if you were really there.

Who Was Paul Revere? By Roberta Edwards & Nancy Harrison / Grosset & Dunlap Discover who Paul Revere really was with this illustrated biography in the Who Was series. Featuring fun facts from throughout his life, you will learn about Paul's life from his birth in Boston, Massachusetts, through his pivotal role in the Revolutionary War, and on. Includes a bibliography for more reading.

The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne / Dover Publications First published in 1850, The Scarlet Letter is Nathaniel Hawthorne's masterpiece and one of the greatest American novels. It's themes of sin, guilt and redemption, woven through a story of adultery in the early days of the Massachusetts Colony, are revealed with remarkable understanding of the human heart.  Hester Prynne is the adulteress, forced by the Puritan community to wear a scarlet letter 'A' on the breast of her gown. Arthur Dimmesdale, the minister and the secret father of her child, Pearl, struggles with the agony of conscience and his own weakness. Roger Chillingworth, Hester's husband, revenges on himself on Dimmesdale by calculating assaults on the frail mental state of the conscience-stricken cleric. The result is an American tragedy of stark power and emotional depth that has mesmerized critics and readers for nearly a century and a half.

Who Was Abigail Adams? By Grosset & Dunlap Now kids can learn all about the life of Abigail Adams, one of the strongest and smartest First Ladies! In this illustrated biography, kids will learn about our country's second First Wife, from her childhood in Massachusetts, to her role as wife and companion to second president John Adams.

1621: A New Look at Thanksgiving By Catherine O'Neill / Simon & Schuster In cooperation with the Plimoth Plantation, a living-history museum in Massachusetts, National Geographic has recreated the first Thanksgiving. Photographs by National Geographic photographers of the recreation at Plimoth Plantation illustrate this book. In 1621, in a small settlement on the edge of the sea, 52 English colonists celebrated their first harvest. The colonists were joined by 90 men of the Wampanoag tribe for a gathering that was to last three days in a town now known as Plymouth. Over the centuries, there have been countless versions of this story, creating a popular myth of the first Thanksgiving. Many Americans imagine brave, peaceful settlers inviting a few wild Indians over for a turkey dinner. But there was no pumpkin pie or cranberry sauce at this celebration. There were no Indians with woven blankets over their shoulders and large feathered headdresses. No pilgrims with somber black clothes and silver buckle hats either. The English didn't even call themselves Pilgrims. This book puts aside that myth and takes a new look at our American history. It questions what we know and recovers lost voices of the Wampanoag people. True history includes the voices of all its participants. 1621: A New Look at Thanksgiving invites young people to read, listen, and think about our shared history. The book also features a foreword, a section on the actual reenactment and the concept of living history, a chronology, an index, and a bibliography.

John Winthrop, Oliver Cromwell and the Land of Promise By Marc Aronson / Houghton Mifflin Harcourt This carefully researched and insightful account by Sibert medalist Marc Aronson focuses on the intertwined lives of John Winthrop, the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of the Puritan Commonwealth in England.  Set against a broad canvas of the turmoil that engulfed Britain in the 17th century, the book examines the clashes of the monarchy and the church with Parliament, which led these two powerful men to take opposite courses. Here is a panoramic view of the period, from elaborate masques to the trial of a heretic, from wars fought against Indians to dramatic battles led by cavalry, from the toppling of a king to the search for the ideal society. Packed with literary allusions, vivid descriptions of significant events, and a cast of memorable figures, this sweeping account picks up where the highly acclaimed Sir Walter Raleigh leaves off, providing another riveting look at British and early American history. Cast of characters, maps, end notes and bibliography, Internet resources, timeline, index. Grades 7 and up, Ages 12 and up. 7 1/2 x 9 inches. Hardcover, 224 pages.

Colonial Days: American Kids in History Series Projects, Games, Activities and Recipes By David C King / John Wiley & Sons Colonial Massachusetts. The best way to learn about it is to "live" there! Your children will join young Nathan and Sarah Mayhew on their farm in 1732. Education becomes hands-on fun as kids "do as the colonists do" in year-round activities such as making a model weathervane, baking bread, dipping candles, and playing Jackstraws. Over 40 projects! Ages 8 to 12. 112 pages, softcover from Jossey-Bass.

Who Was Johnny Appleseed? By Joan Holub / Grosset & Dunlap Discover who Johnny Appleseed really was with this biography on the real man. Written for kids ages 9-12, this biography features information about John Chapman, a.k.a. Johnny Appleseed, from his birth in Massachusetts, through his death and beyond as his legend spread throughout the country.

Will You Sign Here, John Hancock? By Putnam Juvenile John Hancock liked to be liked. He liked to hear the "huzzahs" of the people around him. He liked to be at the head of the parade. Jean Fritz brings history alive again with her account of John Hancock's life as a child, businessman, and Massachusetts representative. 47 pages, softcover.

Why Don't You Get a Horse, Sam Adams? By Putnam Juvenile Sam Adams was a walker and a talker. He talked about the evils of England, he gave the signal for the Boston Tea Party, and he talked as a representative of Massachusetts. He also walked a lot but only because he couldn't ride a horse. When he & John Hancock had to escape (nicely warned by Paul Revere), they had to take a carriage with driver and hide in the swamp-not exactly a dramatic exit! Framed by the story of how he finally learned to ride, this engaging biography of Samuel Adams is the story of a true American patriot. 47 pages, softcover.

Puritans vs. Witches - Audiobook on CD By The Vision Forum, Inc Perhaps the most godly group of Christians to populate North America were the Puritans of New England. Yet no group has been more ruthlessly vilified by modern historians, and no subject more misrepresented than their infamous Salem Witch Trials. In this brilliant, scholarly presentation, Dr. Paul Jehle goes beyond the popular rhetoric to expose the truth. He reveals both the wisdom and the failures associated with the Trials, and he makes the case that God used them to lay the foundation for the greatest revival in American history - the Great Awakening. 1 CD. 64 minutes.

The Witchcraft of Salem Village - eBook By Shirley Jackson / Random House Books for Young Readers The Landmark Books are a homeschool family favorite! Well-written with clear sentences and all the drama of history intact, this book covers the infamous Salem Witch Trials. The accusations, defense, and words of the jury are recorded with vivid descriptions of the atmosphere of fear that ran rampant in Salem and Salem Village in the 1600s. Grades 6 & up. 142 pages, softcover.

Boston Women's Heritage Trail, 3rd Edition By Applewood Books Women's lives and achievements have enriched the history of Boston for almost four centuries, yet the significance of their stories is often overlooked. Patriots, reformers, abolitionists, suffragists, artists and writers-Boston women have always played an integral role in shaping history. The Boston Women's Heritage Trail tells some of these remarkable stories, and forever weaves Boston women back into the fabric of the "city upon a hill."

The Boston Dictionary By John Powers / Applewood Books

A Short History of Boston By Robert J. Allison / Applewood Books If you want to learn about Boston history, here's the perfect place to start. Robert Allison introduces you to the great characters, dramatizes the shaping events, and takes you from John Winthrop's City on a Hill to the Boston of today.

The Boston Massacre By Robert J. Allison / Applewood Books Acquaint yourself with the unique character of New England and the events, people, and landscape that have shaped the region's history.  The Boston Massacre incited the Revolutionary War and has been taught in American textbooks throughout the country. Quickly used by the Revolutionaries as material to incite a war and illustrate the injustices of the Redcoats, it also showcased the democracy thriving in the city of Boston; the British soldiers were defended by none other than John Adams. This brief history explores the event and its fascinating aftermath. 72 pages, softcover.

The Remarkable Benjamin Franklin By Cheryl Harness / National Geographic Children's Books The illustrations play the starring role in this biography of Benjamin Franklin. Done in watercolor, gouache, ink, and colored pencil, readers will be transported back to Philadelphia, Boston, London, France, and the many locations Ben Franklin visited over his life. The conversational text narrates the events of his life from his early apprenticeship to his life as a diplomat to France and his works as an integral player in the new American country. References are made to his and his son's out-of-wedlock children. 47 pages, softcover.

Easy Reader Biographies: Susan B. Anthony By Carol Ghiglieri / Scholastic Trade

Famous Authors: Emily Dickinson By Kultur International Films

The Seuss, The Whole Seuss, and Nothing But The Seuss By Charles D Cohen / Random House, Inc Theodor Seuss Geisel, creator of Horton the Elephant, the Grinch, the Cat in the Hat, and a madcap menagerie of the best-loved children's characters of all time, stands alone as the preeminent figure of children's literature. But Geisel was a private man who was happier at the drawing table than he was across from any reporter or would-be biographer. Under the thoughtful scrutiny of Charles D. Cohen, Geisel's lesser known works yield valuable insights into the imaginative and creative processes of one of the 20th century's most original thinkers.

Squanto and the Miracle of Thanksgiving By Eric Metaxas / Thomas Nelson This entertaining and historical story shows that the actual hero of the first Thanksgiving was neither white nor Indian, but God. In 1608, English traders came to Massachusetts and captured a 12-year-old Indian, Squanto, and sold him into slavery. He was raised by Christians and taught faith in God. Ten years later he was sent home to America. Upon arrival, he learned an epidemic had wiped out his entire village. But God had plans for Squanto. God delivered a Thanksgiving miracle: An English-speaking Indian living in the exact place where the Pilgrims land in a strange new world. Recommended for ages 5 to 10.

Eli Whitney and the Cotton Gin By Coughlan Publishing Action-packed non-fiction, the graphic library series present the stories of history in high-interest, graphic novel format. The story of Eli Whitney's life and invention of the cotton gin, as well as his later important invention, is recounted in pictures and captions. Index, glossary, and "more information" fact page are included. 32 pages, softcover. 4th Grade reading level.

Chess House Review

Chess House is a company that was started in 1972, changed hands a couple of times, and is now owned by the Neff brothers.  Their company provides instruction in chess through DVDs, books, school kits, giant sets for parks, etc.  They are a resource for everything chess including boards, pieces, software, and so on.

We received the Starter Chess Learning Kit.  It comes with the "Pawn Level" DVD; a classic chess set with two spare queens; a 20" x 20" flexible board which is made in the USA (needs a solid surface on which to play) and is odor free; a cloth carrying case with handle which holds all pieces, the rolled-up board, DVD, and activity booklet.  We even received a chocolate bar with the Chess House logo imprinted on it.  Needless to say, that didn't last long in our house.  It was a nice little treat.  This kit usually sells for $49.99, but it is on sale now for just $39.99.

As soon as the kit arrived in the mail, we opened it and put the DVD in so that we could begin learning.  I was hoping that chess might be something my middle child could enjoy, something that might intrigue him enough to spend less time in front of his computer.  This didn't happen, but my daughter who is almost 12 enjoyed it and was eager to play me so that she could beat me.  I wanted to learn as well because the only thing about chess that I could remember over the years was that the knight moved in an L shape.

The instruction on the DVD is provided by National Master Elliott Neff.  He breaks the basics down into 10 lessons on this 53-minute DVD.  The lessons are as follows:

Intro to Chess

Pawns

Rooks

Bishops

The Queen

The King

The Knight

Castling

Pawn Shields

Development

Each lesson from Pawns to The Knight explains the piece's worth, its placement on the board, and its movement.  Elliott does a good job explaining each piece.  He is shown sitting in front of a chess board with the pieces on it that he is talking about, but as soon as he starts moving them an animated board is shown so that it appears we are looking down upon it.  That helps the viewer to understand the movement better.  Elliott gets basic but keeps his speech and explanation at a level that does not speak down to his viewer.  The video is geared towards those who are 4 years old and up, but he speaks as if teaching his equal.

The Castling, Pawn Shields, and Development sections on the DVD provide strategies to make the game more interesting beyond the basic movement of pieces.  My daughter and I were sure to employ these techniques in our games with each other.

As we played, there were things I couldn't remember from the video, but my daughter had no trouble remembering them.  I'd go back to the video to be sure, and she was always right.  One thing I would like to have in this set (and it could be included in the activity book) is a guide that simply lists the allowed movement of each piece.  After the game is played a few times, this information becomes routine, but when just starting out it would have been helpful to have it on hand without needing to go back to the video.

The activity book included in this set provides games for each piece so that they can be understood better.  We didn't play the games, as we just wanted to go directly to a regular chess game, but each piece has 2 or 3 additional games to play.  On the last page of the booklet, there is an order form for certificates of completion signed by Elliott Neff, succeeding videos in the series, and workbooks.

I feel Chess House has provided an excellent resource for teaching chess.  It is taught in a professional manner with nothing childish or cutesy in it.  The materials are of good quality and made in the U.S.A., which is a bonus.  I will continue to try to get my middle son to play chess, but if that doesn't work I at least know my daughter has taken to it.  Of course, that may be because she enjoys beating me at something.

The Fourth Kingdom: Free on Amazon Kindle October 15-19

The Fourth Kingdom is the story of Dr. Alexander Sinclair who travels to a cloning facility to meet with its director, Dr. Karl Helmick.  After years of working together, Sinclair begins to wonder who Dr. Helmick actually is.

If you like books by Frank Peretti and Ted Dekker, you'll like The Fourth Kingdom.

This book as written by a mother and daughter team, Alexandra and Joyce Swann.  Alexandra is a homeschool graduate.  They have co-authored two other novels.

This book is available for free through Amazon Kindle from Tuesday the 15th through Saturday the 19th.

This is your opportunity to own this book for free and read it before the sequel, The Force, becomes available.

Summer/Fall Series: 50 States - Maryland

MARYLAND

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One of two states to give up land for the capital city, Washington, D.C., Maryland became the 7th state on April 28, 1788.  The postal abbreviation is MD (remember that Maine was ME).  Maryland is the 42nd largest state in the Union.  It was named in honor of the wife of Britain's King Charles I, Henrietta Maria.  The capital of Maryland, Annapolis, was once the capital of the United States and was named in honor of Princess Anne who would later become the queen of England in 1702.  Washington, D.C., became the nation's capital on July 16, 1790.

Maryland's nickname is the "Old Line State."  It dates back to the Revolutionary War and is said to have been given by George Washington himself after viewing the bravery and steadfastness of the Maryland Line at the Battle of Long Island.  The state motto is "Fatti Maschii, Parole Femine" and means "Manly Deeds, Womanly Words" or "Strong Deeds, Gentle Words."  It is written in Italian and stems from the Italian roots of the Calvert Family, the Lords Baltimore, who governed Maryland for 42 years.

The flag of Maryland was adopted in 1904 and is based on the coat of arms of the Calvert family.  It is the only U.S. flag that contains British heraldry.

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The state symbols of Maryland include the Baltimore oriole as the state bird, the striped bass as the state fish, and the Maryland blue crab as the state crustacean.  The state dog is the Chesapeake Bay retriever.

The state flower is the black-eyed Susan, and the official state tree is the Wye Oak which is a white oak that is more than 450 years old.  Milk is the state beverage.  (This isn't the first time we've heard this.)  Maryland also has a state boat: the Skipjack, which is a boat used for oyster dredging.

Seafood contributes a great deal to the economy of Maryland.  Blue crabs, oysters, striped bass, soft clams, and flounder are some varieties which are caught and sold.  Maryland contributes nearly half of the nation's blue crab supply.  Other top industries are corn, soybean, and tobacco farming; coal mining; and steel production.

Maryland holds the honor of having the first school in the nation.  In 1696, King William's School was established.  It also had the first dental school at the University of Maryland.  The United States Naval Academy was founded on October 10, 1845, in Annapolis.  It was called the Naval School until 1850.

People from Maryland are called Marylanders.  Some famous Maryland-born Marylanders are politicians such as Spiro Agnew, Charles Carroll who signed the Declaration of Independence, John Dickinson who was one of the writers of the Declaration of Independence, and Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall.  Authors Tom Clancy, Upton Sinclair (The Jungle), and Dashiell Hammett (The Maltese Falcon) were both born here.  Other people include Francis Scott Key, the writer of the Star Spangled Banner; Johns Hopkins, philanthropist who founded the university and hospital which bear his name; sports' stars Cal Ripken, Babe Ruth, Michael Phelps, and Pete Sampras; Benjamin Banneker, astronomer who helped plan Washington, D.C.; Stephen Decatur, the youngest captain in the Navy; Frederick Douglass, former slave who became the first black citizen to be a high-ranking government official; John Wilkes Booth, Lincoln's assassin; Harriet Tubman; and Frank Perdue of chicken fame.

Maryland has hundreds of events year round and tourists attractions.  Like most other states, there are aquariums, amusement parks, and zoos.  There are national parks and old war forts.  Antietam National Battlefield is part of the National Park Service and commemorates the Civil War battle along Antietam Creek.  Visit the Edgar Allan Poe House and Museum in Baltimore and the Clara Barton National Historic Site in Glen Echo which details the life of the founder of the American Red Cross.  The Charles Carroll House of Annapolis is open for tours on Saturdays and Sundays from June through September.

Try your hand at some of these Maryland puzzles and quizzes.

The following list of products is available at christianbook.com.  I am an affiliate of christianbook.com.  If you purchase through my blog, I will receive a commission.

A Primary Source History of the Colony of Maryland - Unabridged Audiobook on CD By Liz Sonneborn & Eileen Stevens / Brilliance Audio Learn all about the colony of Maryland through primary source documents! On November 22, 1633, two small ships sailed from England with about 150 people on board, mainly men, though there were some women and children. All were leaving their homes and setting sail for a strange land. They dropped anchor in Chesapeake Bay and landed on an island they named St. Clements, which they found to be too small, and moved to a larger area that they called St. Mary's City.  From these humble beginnings emerged Maryland, one of the thirteen colonies of America. From the colonists' early years, to political and religious upheaval and disease, this audiobook recounts the history of the colony. Unabridged audio CD; approximately 1 hour 12 minutes; 1 CD.

Voices from Colonial America: Maryland 1634-1776 By Robin Doak / Random House, Inc

13 Colonies: Maryland By Roberta Wiener & James Arnold / Heinemann Raintree

Maryland My First Book, Grades K-5 By Carole Marsh / Gallopade International An "early bird" intro to basic state facts. Covers state basics such as state nickname, seal, song, bird, motto, flag, regions, industries, neighbors, and weather, plus an intro to state history, people and more. Includes: drawing, mazes, matching, coloring, and more! Reproducible. Available for all 50 states. Grades K-5; ages 5-10.

Harriet Tubman By Marion Dane Bauer & Tammie Lyon / Scholastic Trade Introduce young children to the important life that Harriet Tubman led with this illustrated picture book. Simply written and brightly illustrated, children will learn about Harriet's early life as a slave in the South, how she managed to run away to freedom, and her long and dangerous fight for freedom for slaves and rights for women.

Harriet Tubman: Freedom's Trailblazer By Kathleen V. Kudlinski / Aladdin

Harriet Tubman, Secret Agent: How Daring Slaves and Free Blacks Spied for the Union During the Civil War By Thomas B. Allen / Random House, Inc Readers discover that Harriet Tubman--well known to them as an ex-slave who led hundreds of her people to freedom along the Underground Railroad--was also a spy for the Union Army. More specifically, she worked behind Confederate lines in South Carolina getting information about troop movement and Rebel fortifications from slaves whom she was leading to freedom on the Underground Railroad. The report on her raid to Lincoln's Secretary of War stated: "This is the only military command in American history wherein a woman, black or white, led the raid and under whose inspiration it was originated and conducted."192 pages, hardcover.

Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: An American Slave, Written by Himself - eBook By Frederick Douglass / Simon & Schuster Fredrick Douglass' account of his life as a slave, and finally as a freedman, is one of the most dramatic tales in American history. First published when the author was only 28, after just achieving his freedom, he presents us with a vivid portrait of the harsh injustices and dehumanization that slavery had upon African Americans. His refreshing and eloquent prose popularized his autobiography and helped him launch his career as a minister and abolitionist. This Enriched Classic edition also contains and outline of key themes, detailed explanatory notes, critical analysis, discussion questions, and more. 182 pages, softcover.

Frederick Douglass By George E. Stanley / Aladdin Born into slavery, Frederick Douglass was separated from his family, beaten, and was forced to work constantly-all because of his skin color. How could anyone overcome such odds? But overcome he did, as Frederick eventually became a famous abolitionist, author, statesman, and reformer. Read about how one of the most prominent figures in African American history paved the way for others to achieve their own freedom! 192 pages, paperback. Ages 8-12.

For You They Signed: The Spiritual Heritage of Those Who Shaped Our Nation By Marilyn Boyer / Master Books Can you identify all the men who signed the Declaration of Independence? They were men who risked everything to bring our modern United States of America into being, yet we've largely forgotten their names, states, and their lives. For You They Signed features the stories of the 56 signers-perfect for a year's worth of week-long studies as a family devotion or independent study. Each entry features an original illustration, sidebar with quick statistics, close-up of their signature, quotes timeline, chapter text on their lives, and questions for discussion. A family activity guide Companion Book is available at the publisher's website. 342 pages, hardcover.

The Star Spangled Banner By Peter Spier / Random House, Inc Illustrated by favorite children's author/illustrator Peter Spier, his iconic images are set to all three verses of "The Star Spangled Banner." With a historic note at the end, this is an excellent way to introduce children not only to the words of the song, but also to the background it was born out of, and the meaning of the lyrics. Music also included on the last page.

Union 1812, audiobook on CD By A.J. Langguth / Tantor Media A gripping narrative of the second and final war of independence that secured the nation's permanence and established its claim to the entire continent, by the author of the enormously successful and acclaimed Patriots: The Men Who Started the American Revolution. This dramatic account of the War of 1812 fills a surprising gap in the popular literature of the nation's formative years. It is this war, followed closely on the War of Independence, that established the young nation as a permanent power and proved its claim to Manifest Destiny. Full of fascinating characters-Presidents Thomas Jefferson, John Quincy Adams, James Madison, James Monroe, and the future President Andrew Jackson, as well as Dolley Madison, Sam Houston, the great Indian chieftain Tecumseh, Francis Scott Key, Davey Crockett, and Oliver Perry, among others-Langguth's riveting account covers a vast panorama of battles, from the American sacking of Toronto and the British burning of the White House and the Capitol, to the thrilling war at sea and on the Great Lakes and the final spectacular American victory at New Orleans. Unabridged. 13 hours. 11 CDs. Read by Grover Gardner.

The Star-Spangled Banner: The Story Behind Our National Anthem By Liz Sonneborn / Facts On File In 1814, a young American lawyer named Francis Scott Key watched through the night as British troops attacked Fort McHenry in Baltimore. As the smoke cleared and dawn broke, he lifted a small telescope to his eye and saw the American flag waving above the fort. America had endured. Filled with emotion, Key wrote the first lines of "The Star-Spangled Banner" - the song that would become our national anthem. Elementary students can learn what each part of this song means, and better understand this national song. Colorfully illustrated with timeline, glossary, and index; 32 pages.

Benjamin Banneker By Coughlan Publishing A "Fact Finder" Biography, this short biography features short sentences and archival illustrations that give children a good idea of who Benjamin Banneker was and what he accomplished. His education-both by Quakers and himself-is discussed, as well as his creation of a wooden clock, published almanacs, and surveying skills. 32 pages. Ages 7-10.

What Are You Figuring Now?: A Story about Benjamin Banneker By Jeri Ferris & Amy Johnson(ILLUS) / Carolrhoda Books

The Bloodiest Day: Battle of Antietam By Larry Hama / Random House, Inc Relive the terrible story of the Battle of Antietam, the bloodiest day in American history. As Union and Confederate armies met, ordinary men and women showed extraordinary courage as they fought to decide the future of their county. In this Osprey Graphic History book, you'll meet John Gordon and Francis Barlow, who faced each other in the "bloody lane," in a desperate struggle for survival. Then use the extra information packed inside to learn about why they fought.

The President is Shot! The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln By Harold Holzer / Boyds Mills Press It was only one moment in history, yet one of the most significant and tragic. Author Harold Holzer explains the context for the assassination, including Lincoln's dreams about his death, Mary Lincoln's fears and phobias, his unpopularity in the South, and the ways in which John Wilkes Booth's life led him to the assassination of the president. Period etchings, momentos, and photographs included. Ages 10 & up.

Heroes of History: Clara Barton, Angel of the Battlefield By Janet & Geoff Benge / Emerald Books The Heroes of History series chronicles the true stories of fascinating men and women who changed the course of history. Known during the Civil War as the "Angel of the Battlefield," remarkable Clara Barton risked everything to save countless lives on the frontlines of battle. Once a painfully timid child, Clara was as bold as a lion when it came to helping others, whether wayward schoolboys, natural-disaster victims, or dying soldiers. For ages 10 and up.

Edgar Allan Poe By Edgar Allen Poe / Sterling Publishing Beautiful, commissioned illustrations accompany a number of Edgar Allan Poe's most beloved poems. A fantastic way to introduce children to poetry, the included vocabulary and context notes help make the art form more accessible to beginners. A biography of the poet is also provided at the beginning of the book. Ages 8 & up. 48 pages, hardcover.